Let’s talk about Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, sometimes called manic depression, involves cycles of extreme low and high moods. The low moods are called depressive episodes, and the high moods are called manic or hypomanic episodes. These mood swings can significantly impact relationships, work, education, and daily life.
Types of bipolar disorder
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Involves one or more manic episodes lasting at least one week. These episodes are severe and might require hospital care. Depressive or hypomanic episodes may also occur.
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Involves both hypomanic and depressive episodes, but no manic episodes. Hypomania is noticeable but less severe than mania and doesn’t require hospitalisation. However, depressive episodes can be frequent and long-lasting.
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Involves persistent mood swings without the extreme highs and lows of Bipolar I or II, with shorter episodes.
Symptoms
Bipolar disorder includes episodes of mania or hypomania and episodes of depression:
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>Exaggerated self-esteem or feelings of grandiosity.
>Reduced need for sleep.
>Rapid thoughts and speech.
>High distractability.
>Increased activity or energy.
>Risky or impulsive behavior.
>Agitation or restlessness
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last at least seven days, can cause major problems in relationships or work, and may involve delusions or hallucinations. Hospitalisation is often needed.
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last at least four days, don’t include psychotic features, and don’t require hospitalisation.
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>Sadness or low mood most of the day.
>Loss of interest in activities.
>Changes in appetite or sleep.
>Worry or negative thinking.
>Agitation or restlessness.
>Fatigue or loss of energy.
>Thoughts about suicide.
>Trouble concentrating or making decisions.
These symptoms last for at least two weeks and cause significant distress or impact daily life.
Causes of Bipolar Disorder
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
Genes: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, but no single gene is responsible.
Environmental and Social Factors: Stressful life events, childhood abuse, and other stresses may play a significant role.
Health-Related Factors: Certain medical conditions, substance use, or medications can trigger symptoms.
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Treatment typically includes medication and psychological support:
Medication: Mood stabilisers like Lithium are often used to manage mania, hypomania, and to prevent relapse.
Psychological Support: Combining medication with therapy improves outcomes. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is particularly effective. CBT helps individuals manage triggers like stress or lack of sleep and teaches strategies to cope with symptoms and improve life quality.
Seeking Help
If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health, it’s important to seek help. With the right treatment and support, individuals can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. Reach out to mental health professionals, your GP, or our organisation for more information and support. We are here to support the Tamil community in discussing mental health openly and finding the tools to help and support each other.
Remember you are not alone.
Share this resource with your friends and family and help raise awareness about mental health in the Tamil community. Together, we can create a community where everyone feels comfortable talking about mental health.